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Obesity

Obesity 1991 to 2008

One of today’s headlines is “Hoosier obesity rate flat at 27.4%.” The article cites a RWJF/Trust for America’s Health report, which included this map and an interesting interactive map. The original data are from the CDC National Center for Health Statistics.

Sources:

Fiat-Chrysler

The Fiat-Chrysler deal went through. I think this has the potential to improve the car selection available in the US. I was impressed by many of Fiat’s designs I saw last summer. I haven’t had a chance to drive or work on one yet, so I can’t be sure, but many Fiats look practical for a significant fraction of drivers. I hope the better Fiat models make it in the US. Even if they don’t, there is still the possibility that Fiat’s influence will lead to some better Chryslers.

One feature on some recent Fiats that should be quickly adopted is the Bosch Start&Stop system, which is basically a few sensors and a beefed up starter motor. Start&Stop allows the engine to shut off at stoplights, and restart when needed. It is designed well enough to keep the engine on when it needs to be. Start&Stop is reported to save up to 11% of gas for city driving. A system like this would be particularly useful on work trucks, but should be used on most cars sold. From my experience, work trucks spend a lot of time stopped and idling, but much of that idling time isn’t needed. A system that runs the engine only enough to keep it warm–and the cabin air-conditioned or heated–would save large amounts of gas. The system should easily pay for itself in fuel savings.

So, will Fiat-Chrysler be better for Chrysler than DaimlerChrysler?

Winning Our Energy Independence: An Energy Insider Shows How by S. David Freeman

I read this several months ago, but didn’t finish the review until now. This is a hard review to write because Freeman has so many good quotes. I saved 3400 words of quotes from this book.

Winning Our Energy Independence: An Energy Insider Shows How by S. David Freeman is an excellent book by an expert. It is an apolitical pragmatic argument for how and why the USA should change our energy use from fossil fuels to renewables. Freeman spent decades rescuing power companies and improving their efficiency. If the guy called in to save failing power companies says making them greener saves them, we should probably listen. Freeman certainly has more accurate and thorough knowledge than the people claiming we can’t afford to move to renewable energy. He provides a good critique of the distorted system that has led to current inefficiencies.

… efficiency and renewables are cheaper even on the misleading pricing system we use. If we consider–and we must–the health costs of air pollution, the proliferation and radiation risks of nuclear, and the health and global warming costs of coal, it is a no-brainer.

Now that sustainable energy is economical–but still little used–Freeman proposes using subsidies to jump-start their implementation. He proposes a workable solution that will make the world a better place as well as saving money over the long term. I agree with Freeman’s assessment of the situation and the end results of his proposed solution. I don’t like all the details of his proposed solution, but it is probably more likely to happen than my preferred answer of removing the existing subsides to dirty power. The existing subsidies probably won’t be removed, so this is a more pragmatic, less idealistic solution.

In addition to the solution provided, I like that Freeman provides some numbers to go with statements I have heard from other sources. For example, an interisting statistic that I hadn’t seen anyone put a number with is that compared to the average car, a plug-in hybrid emits 1/4 the CO2. And that is when powered by coal generated electricity. The number goes down with cleaner power plants. This is in addition to the gasoline saved, “If everyone drove an HEV 60, it would cut gasoline consumption by over 70 percent.”

This is an excellent book that debunks all the arguments against moving to sustainable energy. I wonder if Freeman puts too much emphasis on hydrogen for storage, but over all his solution is reasonable. I spent far more time searching for original sources and checking his math than I did reading the book. If I hadn’t, this would have been a quick read. I would have preferred better footnotes, but the format used is appropriate for the intended audience. Winning Our Energy Independence makes my short list of books that everyone should read. As Freeman says, “There can be no more urgent task for humanity than to find, as rapidly as possible, alternatives to burning the limited fossil fuels on Earth.” I hope it is effective enough that I am able to move it from this list to a list of books that are interesting for their historic impact.

BibTeX reference:

@book{
	freeman,
	Author = {S. David Freeman},
	Edition = {First},
	Publisher = {Gibbs Smith},
	Title = {Winning our energy independence: an energy insider shows how},
	Year = {2007}
}

University server “hacked”

I just received an email from the university saying that the server for faculty and student webpages has been compromised. The message goes on to say it was due to a Microsoft bug and that “pages were defaced, indicating they were hacked.” This one email shows two serious problems. The first is that University Computing Services doesn’t even know enough to say the server was “vandalized by a cracker.” Instead, they misuse the word hacker. It is one thing when an average person makes this mistake, but it is a sign of incompetence when it comes from an IT department. The second problem is that they are using a gaming operating system on a server, instead of a proper server OS. But hey, what do you expect from a university that wastes money Blackboard (which makes even MS look good), instead of using one of the many superior open source alternatives. There is good news though. Yesterday I learned that my undergrad university’s IT department is replacing some of their Windows servers with Unix. (The CSE department has always had Unix/Linux servers.)

Pontiac

In an unsurprising move, GM announced that they are killing Pontiac. I think it is amazing that Pontiac has survived this long. They produced very few good cars since the end of the muscle car era. For the past several decades, they have been known for poor designs that are ugly and hard to work on. They seem to have attempted to increase shop business by making even minor repairs annoying enough no one even wants to try. Many of their cars have surprisingly little usable space for their size. Pontiac may have even beat AMC for the Ugliest car `award.’ Despite these problems some Pontiac models–such as the Grand Am–have been surprisingly popular. Pontiac did manage to produce a couple good cars in the past few years: the Vibe and maybe the Solstice. I am a fan of the Vibe. It is fairly well designed, drives well, and gets good mileage. It is one of the more practical cars sold in the US. The Vibe is a Toyota Matrix with a slightly different body, so we won’t be loosing a good model when Pontiac closes. I think the Solstice looks like a good car, but have never driven or worked on one, so I can’t say for sure. With the Saturn Sky and Pontiac Solstice on the way out, I wonder if the Opel GT will remain in production. I hope Pontiac’s demise clears the way for more good cars to be introduced in the US.

Further reading: For Pontiac, Quality Comes Too Late (NY Times)

Pinhole day

20090426-155155-pinhole-day

Yesterday was Worldwide Pinhole Photography day. I submitted a picture this picture from a local nature preserve. I also shot with my medium format camera. Close-ups with a TLR are hard to frame, I hope I got some good shots.

Movie menus

I just watched a couple episodes of Season Three of Rocky and Bullwinkle on DVD. This is a great show, but the DVD collection is an example of something that has been bugging me for years.

I’m sick of the silly animated menus on movies. They were moderately interesting the first four times ten years ago. Then they became more and more annoying. I don’t want to put a DVD in, wait several minutes to get to the main menu, scroll to scene selection, watch an animation, select a scene, then start the movie. I want to put the disc in and have the movie start. If I want the menu, I’ll hit the menu button. If I want to watch trailers, I’ll select trailers. Direct access was supposed to be one of the benefits of DVD over tape. But since many DVD players don’t let you skip all the animations, you may as well be fast forwarding through trailers. Not that I want to go back to tape, but new technology should make life better, not just different.

The second problem is the CRAP included on DVD and Blu-ray. It is bad on DVD. The CRAP on Blu-ray it is so bad I refuse to ever buy a Blu-ray disc.

I may as well include a third problem: How do all rental DVDs end up scratched? Are people playing frisbee with them? Using them as coasters? I have never scratched a CD or DVD, yet most rental DVDs are scratched enough to loose whole scenes.

I hope whatever high-definiton format (HVD?) we end up with in a couple years fixes these problems. Maybe we’ll even get a decent frame rate, 24 or 30 frames per second flickers way too much…

Population growth and resource usage

One important issue not receiving enough attention is efficiency increases forced by population growth. The Earth is a finite system: resources do not grow as population does. This means that to maintain the same results (standard of living, &c.) as population grows, efficiency must increase. This is important for issues such as land use, food production, water resources, and energy.

uspop

The world population is currently around 6 700 000 000. In the next four decades, it is expected to reach 9 500 000 000. The US population is around 306 000 000, and is expected to be around 440 000 000 by 2050. So if we assume we are using all land available for food production, the efficiency of the land usage must be increased by a bit over 1.4 times to feed everyone in 2050. This makes the generous assumption that the land is currently being used sustainably. In reality, the food production efficiency must be increased faster to balance the resources lost to non-sustainable land use practices. The results in other categories are similar.

I am particularly interested in energy usage and transportation efficiency. For example, cars and trucks in the US. The current CAFE (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) standards dictate that the average fuel economy for all new cars and trucks in the US is around 24 miles per gallon. The true average of all cars on the road is lower. Accounting for population growth in the US, this combined average must be over 35 miles per gallon by 2050 to maintain current fuel usage. To return to 1990 petroleum usage in 2050, the CAFE standard must be increased to almost 49 miles per gallon.

These efficiency gains merely maintain current standards of living. This is especially important for food. Increases that merely match population growth still leave the same percentage of people without food or clean water. As can be seen in India and China, more people are moving up from extremely poor to poor and middle class. They then eat more and use more of other resources. This increase in living standards necessitates a concomitant increase in the efficiency of resource usage. But even these efficiency increases aren’t enough.

In transportation, food, and water, we are using resources faster than they are replenished. As the population is increasing, the resources available are decreasing. This must stop at some point. All reasonable people agree that it is necessary to move to completely sustainable use of resources. Until we reach sustainable resource usage, we must increase efficiency significantly faster than required by population growth. Gains below this rate merely delay an inevitable disaster. Improvements at this rate–or better–save the world. Do we have a critical mass of reasonable people?

Koehlinger Cycling

Koehlinger Cycling and Fitness is now out of business. Koehlinger’s was where I bought my first `real’ (from a bike store, not a department store) bike, a steel Giant mountain bike. My sister still rides that bike. Koehlinger’s was the best place to find small parts for repairing older bikes, but I was more likely to buy expensive parts from Summit City. I think Koehlinger concentrated too much on fitness equipment recently. They went along with the Trek Only silliness of a few years ago, pricing the store above similar bikes from across town. Combine that with a bad location compared to the other local bike shop, and now they are out of business.

Links:

  • News-Sentinel: Koehlinger Cycling a casualty of slow U.S. economy
  • Journal Gazette: Cycling, fitness shop closes Economy ‘part of it’; ‘ambitious’ strategy, loss of deals factors

Constitution?

Must watch! This is scary. We had come to expect stuff like this from G. W. Bush, but not Obama. He did vote for the renewal of the KGB act, so we can’t expect too much.

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From an EFF post:

Again, the gulf between Candidate Obama and President Obama is striking. As a candidate, Obama ran promising a new era of government transparency and accountability, an end to the Bush DOJ’s radical theories of executive power, and reform of the PATRIOT Act. But, this week, Obama’s own Department Of Justice has argued that, under the PATRIOT Act, the government shall be entirely unaccountable for surveilling Americans in violation of its own laws.

This isn’t change we can believe in. This is change for the worse.

We need a government that isn’t constantly trying to get around the Constitution.

Update 2009-04-09

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